Argumentation Paragraph Free Essays

All schools should have several armed and trained staff members to ensure student safety in case of a shooting. Some schools already have some type of security; however, these people are not armed to handle a shooting. The first reason schools should have armed personnel is to protect our students and faculty from these critical situations. We will write a custom essay sample on Argumentation Paragraph or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since 2010, there have been 34 school shootings in the U. S. The most recent massacre took place on December 14, 2012 at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut. Twenty-eight people were murdered. Amongst them were 20 first grade students. Innocent people are killed and no one can do anything until police arrive. Another reason is it will also give students and faculty members a sense of security while on campus. The only thing that stops a bad guy with a gun is a good guy with a gun. If the criminals know that the schools have these armed members, they might think twice before committing a serious act of violence. One objection might be that there are limited funds as it is for schools and their budgets would not support it. However, if they would use staff members already employed by the schools, the cost would be minimal. Another objection might be that firearms should not be allowed on school property for security reasons. I think the benefits of this would heavily outweigh the risks associated. These tragedies can be avoided or at least controlled to eliminate most deaths and injuries. We need to start protecting our children and our schools. How to cite Argumentation Paragraph, Papers

Satisfaction Journal Of Business Research â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Satisfaction Journal Of Business Research? Answer: Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) defines the business approaches, which contribute in the sustainable business development through delivering economic, social and environmental benefits to all types of stakeholders (Korschun, Bhattacharya and Swain 2014). CSR programs actually enhance the corporate image of organization to the stakeholders. However, CSR programs can enhance the overall cost of production of the organizations. Moreover, CSR programs have both advantage and disadvantage, which can have huge impact on the organizations. This essay will present arguments for and against Corporate Social Responsibility, using research from the academic literature and highlighting real company examples. Discussion Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is defined as the form of corporate self-regulation integrated into the business model. Moreover, in the concept of CSR, organizations integrate social, economical and environmental concern in their business operation and positively interact with the stakeholders. CSR practices encourage the organizations to be much more aware of the impact of their business on the society, stakeholders and community. As per Saeidi et al. (2015), CSR goes beyond charity and requires the organizations to act beyond legal obligations and integrated social, economic and environmental concern. Moreover, CSR activities of organizations care for the benefits of customers, employees, community and environment. According to Walker and Dyck (2014), CSR enhances the responsible business reputation and corporate image of an organization to their stakeholders. In CSR policies, organizations are more likely to maintain warm relationship with the customers and other stakeholders by fulfilling their interests. Therefore, they can gain trust of the stakeholders and make them well established in the market. While looking at the evidence of Coca Cola Amatil, it has been found that the organization constantly maintains the standards in all their product categories. Furthermore, the organization highly values their customers and other stakeholders through meeting all their standards. In this way, Coca Cola Amatil has well established its corporate image in the market (Ccamatil.com 2017). On the other hand, Chernev and Blair (2015) opined that CRS activities can face the issues of customer or community conviction. In such issue, customers and community like to see the organizations that they trust are highly engaged in social welfare programs. They highly believe that CSR programs are for good causes and like to see instant results from those programs. It is very difficult for the organizations towards convincing the customers and community about the good intension of CSR, if it does not show any instant result. While taking the example of Tom Shoes, it has been found that the organization gives one pair of shoes to a poor child for every one pair of shoes it sells to its customers. However, the customer and community claimed that Tom Shoes should try to develop the life of poor children rather than merely giving one pair of shoes. Moreover, the customers and community are less likely to believe on the charity Tom Shoes, which is making customer and community convicti on issues (Anderson 2017). Servaes and Tamayo (2013) pointed out that CSR activities facilitate in maximizing the overall organizational profit of an organization. Organizations having CSR activities always provide adequate return on investment to the shareholders and investors. In this way, such organizations can gain high level of trust of the shareholders and attract more capital inflow from various sources including shareholders and investors. Therefore, increased investment can strengthen the financial capability of an organization. Furthermore, effective CSR activities facilitate in gaining high level of customer loyalty. Therefore, the customers are more likely to repeat their purchase, which can actually enhance the sales and profit volume of an organization. While looking at the CSR activities of Coles Group, it has been found that the organization ethically deals with its shareholders and provides them adequate return on investment. Therefore, the shareholders and investors are highly interested to i nvest in this organization by enhancing its overall profit level (Theage.com.au 2017). As per Kim, Li and Li (2014), CSR programs actually increase the overall expenditure of an organization and its cost of production. Moreover, the organizations involved in CSR programs need to provide charity for communal development. It need huge among of monetary as well as non-monetary organizational resources, which add to the overall production of the organizations. Furthermore, organizations often have to compromise with some direct profit making activities for protecting the environment and stakeholders from the harmful effects of those activities. Apart from that, the organization also has to allow employee volunteering time to the employees, which can hamper the production capability of those employees and overall organizational production. In this way, CSR activities actually increase the cost of production of an organization. While looking at the example of Dominos Australia, it has been found that the charity programs of the organization towards treating the life of cance r affected young people have actually increased its expenditure. Though the organization is gaining high level of corporate image through their charity programs, still the organization has to compromise with its profit making capability (Dhaliwal et al. 2014). Most of the organizations utilize CSR initiatives for bolstering their public image. However, CSR initiatives necessitate an organization towards releasing certain genuine information, which could have some opposite impact on the organization than the expected outcome. Moreover, Hoi, Wu and Zhang (2013) opined that CSR programs require an organization to disclose all organizational information. As per CSR programs, the organizations need to be clear and transparent in communicating all their important information to their important stakeholders. In such situation, any organizational information, which is breaching the values of CSR programs, it can destroy the reputation of the organization to its stakeholders. While taking the evidence from Coca Cola, the organization released a report including the information regarding the chemical found in its products. This report has actually lowered the reputation of the organization (Mail Online 2017). The organization has actually suffered h uge revenue loss from such information discloser. According to Saeidi et al. (2015), CSR programs facilitate an organization towards saving overall organizational cost. The principle of good business is that any publicity is good publicity. Moreover, the product should be well known to the customers for increased sales volume. Effective CSR programs enhance the corporate image of a particular brand in the market. In this way, the CSR activities enhance the customer loyalty of an organization, which in turn enhance the word of mouth of any particular product. In this way, such CSR initiatives enhance advertisement effectiveness of the organization through increased word of mouth. Therefore, it actually reduces the advertising cost of the organizations. While looking at the evidence of community development programs of Cotton On Organizations, it has been found that the organization has highly popular for its favor towards community development. It has been found that high level of popularity of the organization has increased the word of mouth for the brands of the organization. Moreover, the customers are more likely to refer the brands of this organization to their relatives. In this way, CSR programs are actually enhancing the advertising effectiveness of the organization, which has minimized the advertising cost as well as overall organizational cost of the organization (Acrath.org.au 2017). Most of the critics of CSR have identified that CSR programs can shift the focus of an organization from its core business objectives. Hoi, Wu and Zhang (2013) opined that the organizations often forget their obligations towards the shareholder in which they have to make adequate profit for provide accurate return on investment to the shareholders. Moreover, the organizations can engage in CSR programs and use up their funds for community welfare. In this way, instead of making an income, CSR programs often make outflow of cash and not fulfill the actual business objectives of the organizations. While taking the example of Woolworth Group, it has been found that the organization spend huge amount of money for charitable purpose and community development. In this way, such huge amount of spending on CSR programs affects the financial stability of the organization (Wecu 2017). Conclusion While concluding the study, it has been found that corporate social responsibility enhances corporate image of organizations in the market. It actually helps in fulfilling the interest level of all kinds of organizational stakeholders. On the other hand, CSR programs can create customer and community conviction, where customers and community have less trust on the CSR programs, if it does not have any instant positive effects. However, CSR program maximizes the profit level of the organizations. Moreover, CSR initiatives encourage the organization towards provide adequate return on investment to the shareholders. It actually gain the trust level of the shareholders, which encourages the shareholders towards huge investment. It actually enhances the financial stability of the organizations. On the other hand, CSR initiatives enhance the overall cost of production of the organizations through increased charitable investment. Furthermore, CSR programs reduce the advertising cost of the organizations through increased word of mouth. Reference List Anderson, E. 2017.How Toms made hundreds of millions of dollars by giving shoes away. [online] Telegraph.co.uk. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/enterprise/11580387/How-Toms-made-hundreds-of-millions-of-dollars-by-giving-shoes-away.html [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017]. Ccamatil.com. 2017.Coca-Cola Amatil Australia, New Zealand South Pacific. [online] Available at: https://www.ccamatil.com/ [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017]. Chernev, A. and Blair, S., 2015. Doing well by doing good: The benevolent halo of corporate social responsibility.Journal of Consumer Research,41(6), pp.1412-1425. Dhaliwal, D., Li, O.Z., Tsang, A. and Yang, Y.G., 2014. Corporate social responsibility disclosure and the cost of equity capital: The roles of stakeholder orientation and financial transparency.Journal of Accounting and Public Policy,33(4), pp.328-355. Hoi, C.K., Wu, Q. and Zhang, H., 2013. Is corporate social responsibility (CSR) associated with tax avoidance? Evidence from irresponsible CSR activities.The Accounting Review,88(6), pp.2025-2059. Kim, Y., Li, H. and Li, S., 2014. Corporate social responsibility and stock price crash risk.Journal of Banking Finance,43, pp.1-13. Korschun, D., Bhattacharya, C.B. and Swain, S.D., 2014. Corporate social responsibility, customer orientation, and the job performance of frontline employees.Journal of Marketing,78(3), pp.20-37. Mail Online. 2017.As a cancer scare erupts over a chemical in the fizzy drink ... just how safe is a can of Coke?. [online] Available at: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2166193/Coca-Cola-cancer-chemical-scare-How-safe-Coke.html [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017]. Saeidi, S.P., Sofian, S., Saeidi, P., Saeidi, S.P. and Saaeidi, S.A., 2015. How does corporate social responsibility contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of competitive advantage, reputation, and customer satisfaction.Journal of Business Research,68(2), pp.341-350. Servaes, H. and Tamayo, A., 2013. The impact of corporate social responsibility on firm value: The role of customer awareness.Management Science,59(5), pp.1045-1061. Theage.com.au. 2017.A touchy, feely Coles takes on responsibility - Business - Business. [online] Available at: https://www.theage.com.au/news/business/a-touchy-feely-coles-takes-on-responsibility/2005/07/06/1120329501370.html [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017]. Walker, K. and Dyck, B., 2014. The primary importance of corporate social responsibility and ethicality in corporate reputation: an empirical study.Business and Society Review,119(1), pp.147-174. Wecu. 2017.Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy | Woolworths Employees Credit Union. [online] Available at: https://www.wecu.com.au/about-us/csr-strategy/ [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

Teenagers and Mobile Phones free essay sample

Most travelers and holiday makers take a camera with them and take pictures of everything that interests them beautiful views of waterfalls, forests, unusual plants and animals. These photos will remind them of the happy time of holiday. These are many ways of traveling by train, by plain, by ship, on foot. Everyone chooses his favourite one. My favourite way is traveling by plain. And not because it is very comfortable. It is exciting. I also like traveling by train. Ive traveled this way a lot. When you are in the train you can see the beauty of nature. I envy the tourists because I think that they study geography traveling and visiting different parts of the world. They can tell you many things which you didnt know before. They are interesting people from whom you can learn much new for yourself. Any kind of travel helps you to understand many things that you can never see or learn at home. We will write a custom essay sample on Teenagers and Mobile Phones or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Though you may read about them in books and newspapers. As for me Id like to have a coach tour to some foreign country. Coach tours are planned and Ill have a chance to do a lot of sightseeings and have a good rest at the same time.

Global Pharmaceutical Industry

Global Pharmaceutical Industry Introduction The global spending on drugs has increased over the years and in the year 2006 it reached an all-time high of over $ 643 billion (Schoonveld 8). These revenues are mostly concentrated in the US, Europe and Japan with the US accounting for almost half of the pharmaceutical revenues in the world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Global Pharmaceutical Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, emerging markets have also been identified to grow rapidly in the last few years with countries such as Russia, Mexico, Brazil, China and South Korea growing their consumption of prescription drugs by up to 81 percent. It has been identified that in the US stock exchange, the performance of pharmaceutical companies is ranked higher than the other fortune five hundred companies with returns of over 17 percent on revenues (Ajami 158). Largest pharmaceutical companies according to prescription sales Co mpany Prescription sales in millions Pfizer Inc. $58.5 Novartis 42.0 Sanofi-Aventis 40.3 Merck 39.8 Roche 39.1 GlaxoSmithKline 36.2 AstraZeneca PLC 33.3 Johnson Johnson Co. 22.4 Eli Lilly Co. 21.1 Abbott Laboratories 19.9 Pfizer Pfizer has been identified as one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world and is ranked first in terms of revenues (Lepore 1). It was initially established in 1849 and over the years it has grown to be listed in a couple of stock exchanges in the world. Over the years, the company has also acquired a huge market share through mergers with companies such as Warner–Lambert, Parke–Davis, Agouron, Pharmacia, Sugen, Wyeth and King Pharma. It has its headquarters in Midtown Manhattan in New York while its research headquarters are in Groton Connecticut. The company has divided its products into two different business segments. These are the bio-pharmaceutical and the diversified business segments.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The bio-pharmaceutical business segment includes products which prevent as well as treat cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, arthritis and pain, eye disease, infectious and respiratory diseases, cancer, central nervous system disorders, endocrine disorders and urogenital conditions (Lepore 2). The diversified business segment has Animal as well as Consumer products (Lepore 5). Their research and development departments are dedicated to identifying, and developing products that will alleviate the medical deficiencies that are inherent in the world. The company actively spent $9.4 billion in the 2010 financial year, $7.8 billion in the 2009 financial year and $7.9 billion in the 2008 financial year on their research and development programs (Lepore 6). The company’s revenues from their business outside the US accounted for about 57 percent of their total revenues in the year 2010 with Japan being their second largest market which contributed 7.5 percent of their total revenues (Lepore 7). Their international operations have not been without challenges as the company struggles with capital and exchange control regulations, expropriation, other restrictive government actions such as laws and regulations on pricing and currency fluctuations. Novartis Novartis was founded in 2003 and is based in Basel, Switzerland. It has been ranked the second largest pharmaceutical company in the world in terms of revenues. Over the years it has grown through the setting up of subsidiaries as well as acquisitions and mergers with other companies. It has also sold some of its subsidiaries in the past, such as Gerber Products Company to Nestlà ©, which used to produce their infant and baby products. The company has a range of products which include cost-saving generic pharmaceuticals, preventive vaccines and diagnostic tools, ey e care, over-the-counter medications, innovative medicines and animal health products, which are categorized into five business segments namely Pharmaceuticals, Alcon, Vaccines and Diagnostics, Sandoz and finally Consumer Health (Ehrat 20).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Global Pharmaceutical Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company spends a lot on their research and development programs, which are spread across each of their divisions with over 9.6 billion US dollars being spent on the same in 2011 alone. This ensures that the company has a concrete footing on the medical needs of the world through a constant supply of new products that are market specific. Their research and development programs also complement the efforts of their drug development activities by constantly testing for any new risks and uncertainties that may be posed by the drugs that they produce to both the company and the ir customers (Ehrat 164). Sanofi Sanofi is a French pharmaceutical company with its headquarters in Paris, France. It is currently ranked the world’s third largest pharmaceutical company in terms of revenues. Its revenues are mainly drawn from the research and development activities, as well as the manufacturing and marketing of prescription drugs (Linehan 158). In 2004 the company came to be known as Sanofi-Aventis after its acquisition of Aventis co. Some of its other subsidiaries include Zentiva, Sanofi Pasteur, Shantha Chattem, Biotechnics, Genzyme, Medley and Nichi-Iko. The company mainly focuses on the diabetes and oncology products as well as other flagship products in the anti-thrombotic and cardiovascular fields (Linehan 24). Merck co. Merck Co. is ranked as the fourth largest pharmaceutical company in the world and has its headquarters in Whitehouse Station, New Jersey. It was initially established as a subsidiary of a German company back in 1891, but the US confi scated it during World War I and later made it an independent American company in 1917. The company has been identified to base its operations on research and development as they seek to discover, design, develop and market innovative pharmaceutical products that improve the health of humans as well as animals all over the world (Frazier 3). They have managed to achieve this directly and through joint ventures with other pharmaceutical companies (Frazier 7). The company is also known for the Merck manuals, which are reference books for those in the medical and pharmacy fields.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Comparison One of the aspects of the world’s top pharmaceutical companies, that stands out is their concentration and investment on research and development programs. This is credited to the fact that most of the competition in the pharmaceutical business lies in the development of new products that are unique and serve to satisfy particular health needs. Revenues for the largest pharmaceutical companies according to 2009 annual reports Rank Company Country Total Revenues Net income/ (loss) Employees 1 Pfizer United States $50,009 $8,635 137,127 2 Johnson Johnson United States $63,747 $10,576 119,200 3 Hoffmann–La Roche Switzerland $43,970 $8,135 78,604 4 Novartis Switzerland $44,267 $8,454 98,200 5 GlaxoSmithKline United Kingdom $40,424 $10,432 103,483 6 Sanofi France â‚ ¬29,306 â‚ ¬8,471 84,000 7 AstraZeneca United Kingdom/Sweden $31,601 $5,959 67,400 8 Abbott Laboratories United States $29,527 $4,880 68,697 9 Merck Co. United States $27, 428 $13,024 74,372 10 Bristol-Myers Squibb United States $19,977 $2,165 42,000 11 Eli Lilly and Company United States $18,634 $2,953 40,600 12 Boehringer Ingelheim Germany $16,959 $2,163 43,000 For instance the development, manufacture and distribution of an erectile dysfunction drug called Viagra by Pfizer served to give them a great competitive edge in the market, as no other company had introduced such a drug in the market before (Schoonveld 265). The need to increase their business capacity as well as their market share is characterized by the numerous mergers and acquisitions in the pharmaceutical industry and this has served to increase the total value as well as productivity of the industry in general. This may be the reason behind the higher net income that Merck co. as compared to other pharmaceutical companies. Net incomes for the major pharmaceutical companies in the world The four major pharmaceutical companies, however, differ in their business models, with ot her major pharmaceutical companies as Pfizer and Novartis are identified to produce both prescription and over-the-counter drugs for both human and animal health. On the other hand, Sanofi chooses to concentrate their business model on the production of prescription drugs only while most major companies diversify their production so as to secure their revenue flows. Merck co. chooses to concentrate on research and development as well as the publication of medical and pharmacy manuals, which makes them unique in the whole industry (Frazier 4). Relationship between recessions and the increase in drug prices The suggestion that since 1960 to 2011, each time when pharmaceutical prices spiked, it was followed by a U.S. economic recession can only be explained through a review of consumer spending on prescription drugs. It has been identified that the cost of drugs increase by a substantial amount all over the world and this can be explained through the particular increase in spending. T he amount of money in billion dollars that the total cost of drugs increased by during recessions It has also been identified that American citizens spend over $289 billion a year on prescription drugs alone and this is a significant amount in the economy. Some people may argue that an increase in prices, even with a small margin will obviously have a significant impact on the economy and this directly translates to reduced savings and increased consumer spending (Schoonveld 127). This has been known over the years to be followed by a general increase in interest rates so as to reduce the consumption and increase savings (Ajami 267). With the inability of most citizens to meet their payments on credit advanced to them, defaults increase and the result is a negative ripple effect in the financial and credit markets as well as the entire economy in general. It may also be argued that during economic hardships people get sick often and, therefore, the demand for drugs goes up and subs equently their prices. Ajami, Riad. International business: Theory and practice. New York: M.E. Sharpe. 2006. Print. Ehrat, Felix. Annual report on Novartis Inc. Washington DC: United States Securities and Exchange Commission. 2011. Print. Frazier, Kenneth. Annual report on Merck co., inc. Washington DC: United States Securities and Exchange Commission. 2011. Print. Lepore, Matthew. Annual report on Pfizer inc. Washington DC: United States Securities and Exchange Commission. 2011. Print. Linehan, Karen. Annual report on Sanofi-Aventis. Washington DC: United States Securities and Exchange Commission. 2011. Print. Schoonveld, Ed. The Price of Global Health: Drug Pricing Strategies to Balance Patient Access and the Funding of Innovation. New York: Gower Publishing. 2011. Print.

Balancing Executive Development Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Balancing Executive Development - Coursework Example Boral Approach to Executive Development is a one of its kind program that has all the necessary elements that can make any program successful. Not only does it induce self-directed learning but also links performance to tangible results. It also allows for application of learning to real business cases and hence reinforces whatever learning is acquired during the course of the program. Some recommendations that can help Boral HRD practitioners make this program even more beneficial for their organization are listed below: 1. Currently this program is only for senior level executives who have achieved some recognition in the organization already through their hard work and capability. Boral can initiate such a program for middle and lower level managers and employees as well, so that they can develop technical, conceptual and social skills appropriate for their managerial level. 2. Boral can also take input from participants in order to make this program even more successful. Suggestions can be rated according to their impact on program and originality and the best one can then be incorporated into the executive development program. 3. Technology can be used to facilitate distance learning. Currently participants are expected to gather at a common place and take classes where it is convenient for all. If the scope of this program is extended then it will be beneficial to use video conferencing and other such tools to allow employees in remote locations to benefit from such a program. 4. In order to support ongoing learning in the workplace, Boral should seek assistance from higher institutions for vocational education and with universities. 5. Boral HRD practitioners should participate in professional associations and form networks with HRD practitioners of other organizations in order to keep themselves updated with respect to changing workforce development needs. 1 Introduction Learning has become, and will remain, an important issue for humans, as more and more nations now look towards evolving into "learning societies". Work organizations are becoming important

Homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 31

Homework - Essay Example To start with, I have found incorporation of technology in my studies to be very useful because of the readily available information in the internet. According to Educause, technology provides access to vast amount of information trough use of tools such as internet and online data bases (n.d). This is true because personally I do not encounter unsolvable academic problems considering the fact that I have easy access to internet tools at home and at the school library. For instance, whenever I need clarification on certain topics during my personal revision, I look up in the internet where there is virtually an answer to every kind of question. Secondly, incorporation of technology in training by our lectures has helped to grasp the ideas put forward easily. This is because technological presentations enable the lecturers to point out the key information easily and at ease. According to Nacada, use of good presentations can impact the success of students in their studies (2011). Considering how technological presentations are made, students are attracted to the method of presentation hence making them to pay full attention to the tutors. This is arguably true because presentations made through incorporation of technology, for instance PowerPoint presentation, appeal greatly to learners. Lastly, incorporation of technology in education has helped me to improve my academic performance by enabling my lecturers to have individual based supervision. The use of computers by students facilitates flexible training by lecturers because every student can submit their own work at their convenient time. Further, use of computers enables the lecturers to identify students with weakness on particular topics and attend to them individually as opposed to training the whole class at once. This is the reason for my improved academic performance because I have received

Poes psychosomatic Turmoil Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Poes psychosomatic Turmoil - Research Paper Example Longings for the affection and love of the nearest and dearest ones were further deteriorated by the animosity of his step-father. In fact, the stepfather soon turns the inferiority-complex in Oedipal Complex. Along with these traumas, Allan Poe has experienced nightmares throughout his whole life. Instead of being afraid he soon learnt to apply the nightmarish effect in his writings, as in his book, Edgar Allan Poe, Vincent Buranelli says: He took to inspecting with meticulous exactitude his psychological states when he hovered between sleep and wakefulness, found his mind occupied with shadows of ideas â€Å"rather Psychical than intellectual,† and learned to some degree to control them. In a letter to Mr. Allan (April, 1833) Poe writes about loveless bleak world where he was suffering from isolation and destitution: â€Å"Without friends, without any means, consequently, of obtaining employment, I am perishing — absolutely perishing for want of aid†¦ For Godâ⠂¬â„¢s sake, pity me and save me from destruction (O’Neill 7). Obviously Poe’s longings for the camaraderie and compassion of the near relatives, together with his stepfather-induced Oedipal-complex greatly help Poe to perceive the revengefulness of the inferior and to conjure up the horrible revenge character like Montressor in â€Å"the Cask of Amontillado†. Though the â€Å"Cask of Amontillado† dominantly echoes the theme of revenge, the ruptured psychological evidences such as inferiority-complex and Oedipal complex, that Allan himself has been familiar with during his lifetime behind Montressor’s revenge. ... Though the â€Å"Cask of Amontillado† dominantly echoes the theme of revenge, the ruptured psychological evidences such as inferiority-complex and Oedipal complex, that Allan himself has been familiar with during his lifetime behind Montressor’s revenge. Indeed these ruptured psychological complexes are evident in almost all of Poe’s characters. If his real life inferiority complex and oedipal complex exhibit through the convulsive personality disorders like alcoholism and murderous intension in â€Å"the Cask of Amontillado†, â€Å"the Black Cat†, â€Å"The Premature Burial†, â€Å"The Tell-tale Heart† etc, the losses of his loved ones and the existential void induced by these losses are vividly emergent through the necrophilic fantasies in works such as â€Å"Ligeia† and â€Å"The Raven.† But the same existential cavity in Poe’s life has helped him to create a bleak world void of love and haunted by the fear of d eath, revenge, injustice and a world where people are affected with hyperesthesia, hypochondria, love-sickness, hypersensitivity to humiliation, abnormally revengefulness, etc. Such bleak world is evident in â€Å"the Fall of the House of Usher†. The loss of Poe’s mother when he was at three years old, the absence of a father, the death of his consumptive wife who soon died, the antagonistic relationship with Mr. John Allan, frustration in love and the subsequent indulgence into gambling and alcoholism etc have influenced his writings in a number of complicated ways. Though specific evidences in any specific piece of work can directed referenced to a traumatic event, experience or object, the traumatic events and experiences in Poe’s life have some effects on the themes